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Abstract
Surgical anatomy is a fundamental pillar that supports the knowledge of every surgeon seeking success in their practice. However, it is not the only one; applying it in isolation, while ignoring elements such as physiology, pathophysiology, and the development of surgical skills, may lead to poor patient outcomes. This first part analyzes key structures in bariatric surgery located in the upper abdomen. The diaphragm, esophageal hiatus, phreno-esophageal membrane, abdominal esophagus, lower esophageal sphincter (LES), angle of His, Belsey fat pad, and gastro-phrenic ligament are described, highlighting their functional and surgical importance in relation to techniques such as sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass, with emphasis on implications like reflux and fistulas. This knowledge enables surgeons to optimize outcomes and prevent complications.
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