Predictive factors of laparoscopic cholecystectomy conversion. Review Article

Abstract

Objective: to establish the predictive factors and causes of conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: this is a retrospective and qualitative investigation in which a bibliographic review was carried out through 8 databases, including 13 publications corresponding to the period 2019 - 2023. Results: it was found that the predictive factors of laparoscopic cholecystectomy conversion were They are divided into: factors specific to the patient: age, gender, body mass index, comorbidities, history of abdominal surgery; disease factors: admission of the patient, whether elective or urgent, presence of acute cholecystitis, increased thickness of the gallbladder wall, presence of adhesions in the surgical bed; and surgeon factors: which include both the surgeon's experience and the perception of difficult cholecystectomy. Conclusion: it has been established in the present work that the male sex, advanced age, greater thickness of the gallbladder wall and the presence of acute cholecystitis represent predictive factors for laparoscopic cholecystectomy conversion. The main causes of conversion were adhesions, difficulty in dissection or visualization of the structures that make up Calot's triangle, and uncontrolled bleeding.

Key words: cholecystectomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, conversion to open surgery, lithiasis.